The ancient romanesque church, of Early Christian origin, is dedicated to the Roman martyr St. Felicity.  The Vasari Corridor runs above the portico outside the facade, connecting the Palazzo Vecchio with the Pitti Palace.  By means of a special grating at the back of the church, members of the Grand Ducal court were able assist at Mass.  Inside, the nave and transept were restructured in the 18th century by the architect Ferdinando Ruggieri and are filled with works of art.  In the Capponi Chapel, built for the Barbadori family by Brunelleschi, there are masterpieces by Pontormo, the great exponent of early Florentine mannerism.  The 14th century Chapter Room and the 15th century Sacristy should also be visited.

The most significant expression of Pontormo's new artistic tendency is undoubtedly the chapel's altarpiece, the painting of the famous Deposition, which can perhaps justly be described as the artist's masterpiece. It was presumably the highly singular artistic innovation of this painting that prompted Pontormo to build a kind of screen which for three years prevented anyone from entering the chapel. The decoration of the Cappella Capponi is completed by the figure of the Annunciation frescoed on the wall of the window.